Table of Content

• Question 1 Pre-natal period is the period of development before birth which spans approximately nine calendar months of rapid growth and development. a. Explain the three major stages in pre-natal development (12 marks) b. Describe the critical moments of prenatal development (12 marks) c. Enumerate two (2) factors influencing Pre-natal development (1 mark)

• Question 2 The newborn is a unique individual from the fetus as such the subsequent care provided by a midwife is vital in promoting extrauterine adaptation. a. Describe the features of the newborn head and skin (10 marks) b. List four (4) areas for newborn measurements (2 marks) c. Discuss the fetal skeleto-muscular and circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life (10 marks) d. Outline six (6) common characteristics of newborn respirations (3 marks)

• Question 3 Assessment of the general condition of the baby immediately after birth is essential for further management and resuscitation. a. Define Apgar score (1 mark) b. With the aid of a table describe the content of Apgar score in assessment of the baby (10 marks) c. List the six principles of care given the baby after birth and explain three (3) (9 marks)