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PCR 811 THEORIES IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

Course Exam Oct/2021

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  • 1a. Briefly examine the broad aims of the following peace processes- 10 marks i. Conflict Prevention ii. Conflict Settlement iii. Conflict Management iv. Conflict Resolution
  • b. Discuss three features or assumptions of conflict management that make it different from other peace processes?
  • 2. With copious examples in West Africa discuss the nature and rules of engagement of peacekeeping operation-
  • 3. a. What is Multi-track Diplomacy?- 2.5 marks
  • b. Identify and discuss the roles of any five tracks in the transformation of herders/farmers conflict in Nigeria- 15 marks
  • 4. a. What is public policy?- 2.5 marks b. Discuss the five characteristics of Public Policy- 10 marks c. List five causes of conflict in Africa- 5 marks
  • 5. a. Examine the functions and powers of the United Nations Security Council against the backdrop of festering global insecurity-
  • b. List five U.N. Peace Initiatives in Africa that helped to reduce intensities and adversities of wars- 5mark
Sample content.
b. List five U.N. Peace Initiatives in Africa that helped to reduce intensities and adversities of wars- 5mark

Five UN peace initiatives in Africa that have helped reduce the intensities and adversities of wars are:


  1. United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL): Established in 2003, UNMIL played a significant role in stabilizing Liberia after years of civil war. It helped disarm combatants, promoted the rule of law, supported the restoration of state institutions, facilitated national reconciliation, and conducted elections. UNMIL's presence contributed to a significant reduction in violence and paved the way for sustainable peace in Liberia.
  2. United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL): Launched in 1999, UNAMSIL was instrumental in bringing an end to the civil war in Sierra Leone. The mission supported the implementation of peace agreements, disarmed ex-combatants, assisted in the reintegration of former fighters, and helped rebuild state institutions. UNAMSIL's efforts contributed to the restoration of peace and stability in Sierra Leone.
  3. United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS): Established in 2005, UNMIS played a critical role in supporting the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between Sudan's government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army. UNMIS monitored the ceasefire, facilitated the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, and supported the implementation of political and security arrangements. The mission's presence helped reduce violence and create conditions for the peaceful separation of South Sudan.
  4. United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA): Deployed in 2013, MINUSMA was established to support peace and stability in Mali. The mission's objectives include facilitating political processes, supporting security sector reform, protecting civilians, and promoting human rights. MINUSMA's presence has contributed to the reduction of conflict and has provided a platform for political dialogue and reconciliation in Mali.
  5. United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM): Created in 2013, UNSOM has been engaged in facilitating political processes, providing support for security sector reform, and promoting human rights in Somalia. The mission has played a role in supporting the Federal Government of Somalia in its efforts to stabilize the country, combat terrorism, and strengthen governance. UNSOM's initiatives have helped mitigate the adversities of the long-standing conflict in Somalia.
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